Nobel Prize Recipient. He was one of the three physicists who received professional recognition after being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988. According to the Nobel committee, he received the award "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino." He shared equally the coveted award with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger. He was educated at the City College of New York, earning his B.S. in 1943, and after serving in the military during World War II, he received a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University in New York City in 1951. He joined the faculty at Columbia University that same year and became a full professor there in 1958. From 1979 to 1989, he was director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. From 1960 to 1962, he collaborated with fellow researchers Schwartz and Steinberger on an important experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York. Their work led to the discovery that elusive particles called neutrinos come in more than one type. This work led them to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988. He later headed the team that discovered a particle called the bottom quark. For this research, he received the Israeli Wolf Prize in the category of Physics in 1982. He also coined the term "the God Particle" in a 1993 book, in which he was referring to the Higgs boson, the last missing piece of physicists' standard model of fundamental particles and forces, which was finally discovered in 2012. Besides the Nobel Prize, he earned several other awards for his career work. His health declined with memory loss in 2011, and according to the "Washington Post," his Nobel medal was sold at auction for $765,000 to cover his medical costs in 2015. Three years later, he died from the complication of dementia at age 96.